Changing connections/relations between musicians (producers) and listeners (consumers). Musicians always relied on connections between each other but there was a traditional separation between musician and audience. Digital culture has allowed rapid transfer of artists' work as well as greater communication between performers and audience. Yet audience wants to have more control; the invisible line is dissappearing so there is no longer a binary of creater/consumer.
Digital culture has allowed users to download the songs they want rather than an album. So an album has become individual tracks. Now we can take the tracks, break them down, and re-create the music for your own needs. Remixing is a signpost to a fundamental shift in the way we consider arts as commodities.
Artists no longer create products but processes. Remix culture - the folk process of the 21st century. Questions the artist's right and ability to control copyright. Non-linear, bottom-up, community-directed. Gutenberg is responsible for us starting at the beginning and reading through to the end.
Therefore remixers are not pirates. The media itself is what makes us think in a different way - not what is presented via that media...
Cities are predicated on the democratisation of transport through the automobile. We see the hype of new technologies but this hype distracts us from what we can actually do with the tech. Technology drives us to a more communal-focused creation of art; we go back to the foundational function of theatre - to create, and reflect community.
Essentially, digital content has no value. This is because the content is so easily changed. This is because there is no real documentable past - and an unlimited future.
remix.johnegenes.com
Showing posts with label COMP113. Show all posts
Showing posts with label COMP113. Show all posts
16.2.10
TOS and Privacy (Class 11) - Andrew Long
Happy User Strategies
1) Simplicity. Empower users who may not be very technically savvy.
2) You need to set guidelines on how to behave also privacy policy on how information shall be used.
3) Posting/asking questions stimulates community.
4) Explaining status of your service - let users know what is happening pref. with personality.
5) Transparency. Ensure communication is open so users know what hapens.
6) Flame Wars. Watch and manage. Also: angry people can cause problems - how do comm mods deal with this to save losing members.
7) Rewarding users for contribution. Reward systems increase community participation.
8) Mixing. Taste the community. Devs provide ingredients and users make the recipe. Consistency in all aspects of community.
9) Super Loyalty! In users and Devs.
10) Provide ways for users to give feedback.
11) Speed, performance, reliability - also references to Geek movies.
12) Provide good support.
13) Diversity of membership.
14) Common-sense design.
15) Trolls.
16) Value for money. Capital.
17) Who is in charge? No bullying and harassment.
18) Justice. Exercising good judgment.
19) Engagement. Find out what audience is engaged by. Potential age-issues.
TOS and Privacy Policy
Govern all aspects of data-life-cycle.
Outlines expectations of behaviour and responsibilities for both parties - or rights and obligations.
Signing up is tantamount to agreement to policy.
Types of Info Collected
Mandatory personal: collected on registration - vital for having an account.
Optional personal: Identity driven, useful but not essential. These can improve Social Media services but those services are not predicated on providing said info.
Log information: Automatic - IP, browser, page visits. Third party services e.g. Google Analytics. Cookies.
Privacy
Must satisfy legal requirements but this is a terribly fraught area. Particularly around jurisdictional issues. And it is an area I can't really go with so little time...
1) Simplicity. Empower users who may not be very technically savvy.
2) You need to set guidelines on how to behave also privacy policy on how information shall be used.
3) Posting/asking questions stimulates community.
4) Explaining status of your service - let users know what is happening pref. with personality.
5) Transparency. Ensure communication is open so users know what hapens.
6) Flame Wars. Watch and manage. Also: angry people can cause problems - how do comm mods deal with this to save losing members.
7) Rewarding users for contribution. Reward systems increase community participation.
8) Mixing. Taste the community. Devs provide ingredients and users make the recipe. Consistency in all aspects of community.
9) Super Loyalty! In users and Devs.
10) Provide ways for users to give feedback.
11) Speed, performance, reliability - also references to Geek movies.
12) Provide good support.
13) Diversity of membership.
14) Common-sense design.
15) Trolls.
16) Value for money. Capital.
17) Who is in charge? No bullying and harassment.
18) Justice. Exercising good judgment.
19) Engagement. Find out what audience is engaged by. Potential age-issues.
TOS and Privacy Policy
Govern all aspects of data-life-cycle.
Outlines expectations of behaviour and responsibilities for both parties - or rights and obligations.
Signing up is tantamount to agreement to policy.
Types of Info Collected
Mandatory personal: collected on registration - vital for having an account.
Optional personal: Identity driven, useful but not essential. These can improve Social Media services but those services are not predicated on providing said info.
Log information: Automatic - IP, browser, page visits. Third party services e.g. Google Analytics. Cookies.
Privacy
Must satisfy legal requirements but this is a terribly fraught area. Particularly around jurisdictional issues. And it is an area I can't really go with so little time...
9.2.10
Going Mobile (Class 22) - Chris Edwards
The wristwatch as a mobile ICT device...
Increasingly, we are seeing convergence of functionality - one device to do all. Yet the bundling can make the devices less reliable.
WiFi not a good networking technology because it has a very short range but it can be supplemented by cellular communication networks.
Telecommunications Protocols
Primary: 2G, 3G - GPRMS, UMTS, WiMAX etc - give roaming access that merges voice and IP access.
Secondary: WiFi - cheaper, faster, and more reliable but need to be close to repeater station.
GPS
24 statellites in medium Earth orbit (20,000 km altitude) arranged in 6 orbital planes, each with 4 satellites. Satellites broadcast time-stamped messages to calculate time-difference between sending and recieving. You can then calculate distances to satellite if you know the satellites position. GPS uses distance rather than direction.
Each added function brings new possibilities:
Mic+camera+environmental sensors = baby monitor.
You can add network connectivity to personal devices to make them interpersonal. Even off-line devices can store information to be up-loaded to network later.
Bad Things are Happening!
Loss/damage/theft - if you keep all your personal information on your handy-dandy mobile computing device and you lose it - you lose everything. Not only this but the person who finds it finds everything. This is clearly a huge wind-fall for the cyberstalkers but not so good for you. Unless, of course, you wish to be cyberstalked. Actually, it is a windfall for regular stalkers as well...
Increasingly, we are seeing convergence of functionality - one device to do all. Yet the bundling can make the devices less reliable.
WiFi not a good networking technology because it has a very short range but it can be supplemented by cellular communication networks.
Telecommunications Protocols
Primary: 2G, 3G - GPRMS, UMTS, WiMAX etc - give roaming access that merges voice and IP access.
Secondary: WiFi - cheaper, faster, and more reliable but need to be close to repeater station.
GPS
24 statellites in medium Earth orbit (20,000 km altitude) arranged in 6 orbital planes, each with 4 satellites. Satellites broadcast time-stamped messages to calculate time-difference between sending and recieving. You can then calculate distances to satellite if you know the satellites position. GPS uses distance rather than direction.
Each added function brings new possibilities:
Mic+camera+environmental sensors = baby monitor.
You can add network connectivity to personal devices to make them interpersonal. Even off-line devices can store information to be up-loaded to network later.
Bad Things are Happening!
Loss/damage/theft - if you keep all your personal information on your handy-dandy mobile computing device and you lose it - you lose everything. Not only this but the person who finds it finds everything. This is clearly a huge wind-fall for the cyberstalkers but not so good for you. Unless, of course, you wish to be cyberstalked. Actually, it is a windfall for regular stalkers as well...
Social Media for Not for Profits (Class 21 ) - Nathan Brown
National Technology Development Co-Ordinator - new role to reflect change in on-line sexual behaviour. NZAF is a community-led initiative to respond to the pandemic. Better treatment means people live longer with the disease so infection rates go up. Also that the disease has dropped off the radar. Social Media can put it back on the radar. After 25 years of the pandemic, new HIV infection rates are increasing at a higher rate than ever. Social Media can get the message - "Put a condom on dick" - can educate people about the physiological aspects of HIV infection and counter the sociological reasons for infection. Social Media also helps to leverage the message into the MSM who do not associate with the gay community/scene. Picking-up on-line often removes the participants' discussing safer-sex and HIV status.
Why Social Media
Can create community - games etc for education. Previously, there was an "expert" in a chatroom who could act as an agony aunt-only changes direct people with whom they interact and had no lasting effect. Social Media hands the issue back to the community to allow them to discuss it. In NZ, there is not a problem with knowledge - we all know we should wear a condom - but we need to focus on condom-use. Also allows community to disclose about condom use to get feedback in the community. There is a danger that the community response you get you will not like.
Current strategy: just let people comment but will ask questions to focus the comments rather than simply comment feely.
Bro Online
Designed so safer-sex info is at the point of "consumption" - the focus is kept very heavily on safer sex.
These SM interventions have not yet been measured. They were instituted in the last year. Also it is difficult to measure whether the change in knowledge will change behaviour. Indeed, it is difficult to measure if changing knowledge can ever change behaviour...
Why Social Media
Can create community - games etc for education. Previously, there was an "expert" in a chatroom who could act as an agony aunt-only changes direct people with whom they interact and had no lasting effect. Social Media hands the issue back to the community to allow them to discuss it. In NZ, there is not a problem with knowledge - we all know we should wear a condom - but we need to focus on condom-use. Also allows community to disclose about condom use to get feedback in the community. There is a danger that the community response you get you will not like.
Current strategy: just let people comment but will ask questions to focus the comments rather than simply comment feely.
Bro Online
Designed so safer-sex info is at the point of "consumption" - the focus is kept very heavily on safer sex.
These SM interventions have not yet been measured. They were instituted in the last year. Also it is difficult to measure whether the change in knowledge will change behaviour. Indeed, it is difficult to measure if changing knowledge can ever change behaviour...
2.2.10
The Deep Web (Class 18) - Chris Edwards
How do we browse those things that are non-browsable.
Deep/Invisible/Hidden/Dark Web
Centres around the notion of searchability - it is not indexed by search engines so it is unlikely to be found.
So, how do we find things on the dark web? Traditional browsing, social bookmarking, word of mouth, blogs.
Libraries as analogy. They are highly organised and can be browsed or found via an OPAC. Closed-stack with no OPAC is of little use to the public. Each website is like a library - with "shallow web" - that is publicly accessible with advertised existence - and "deep web" - not open/known to public this does not mean concealed, but simply obscure.
Organisation leads to usability because structure enables automation. Web indexes create a highly organised structure external to the content - this makes finding your stuff much quicker.
Why is it Hidden?
Intentionally - may require log-in, reputation may be good without indexing of deep content, may be technically difficult to provide the data needed.
Accidentally - laziness, carelessness, indifference, lack of knowledge.
Data and Metadata
Increasing level of abstraction but this goes along with increasing utility. Adding good quality metadata means you can make your data more findable. Metadata are usually concise, precise, well-specified, and uniform across a variety of content. Web authors can provide their own metadata (self-cataloguing).
Complement any search facility with a browsing interface. Avoid JavaScript - bots don't like them. Keep URLs distinctive (URL should determine content). Flickr as both searchable and browsable.
HTML IMG element requires ALT attribute (improves accessibility to vision-impaired users and enables images to be indexed by keyword).
Remember: not only humans are looking at your site-love your robot friends! (Or Clamps will initiate the clampage...)
Deep/Invisible/Hidden/Dark Web
Centres around the notion of searchability - it is not indexed by search engines so it is unlikely to be found.
So, how do we find things on the dark web? Traditional browsing, social bookmarking, word of mouth, blogs.
Libraries as analogy. They are highly organised and can be browsed or found via an OPAC. Closed-stack with no OPAC is of little use to the public. Each website is like a library - with "shallow web" - that is publicly accessible with advertised existence - and "deep web" - not open/known to public this does not mean concealed, but simply obscure.
Organisation leads to usability because structure enables automation. Web indexes create a highly organised structure external to the content - this makes finding your stuff much quicker.
Why is it Hidden?
Intentionally - may require log-in, reputation may be good without indexing of deep content, may be technically difficult to provide the data needed.
Accidentally - laziness, carelessness, indifference, lack of knowledge.
Data and Metadata
Increasing level of abstraction but this goes along with increasing utility. Adding good quality metadata means you can make your data more findable. Metadata are usually concise, precise, well-specified, and uniform across a variety of content. Web authors can provide their own metadata (self-cataloguing).
Complement any search facility with a browsing interface. Avoid JavaScript - bots don't like them. Keep URLs distinctive (URL should determine content). Flickr as both searchable and browsable.
HTML IMG element requires ALT attribute (improves accessibility to vision-impaired users and enables images to be indexed by keyword).
Remember: not only humans are looking at your site-love your robot friends! (Or Clamps will initiate the clampage...)
Mashups (Class 17) - Stephen Cranefield
What is a Mashup?
Data from multiple sources brought together to create useful information but it is more of a "quick hack." Creates a new and distinct web service that was not originally provided by either source. Usually created using APIs.
Data from multiple sources brought together to create useful information but it is more of a "quick hack." Creates a new and distinct web service that was not originally provided by either source. Usually created using APIs.
29.1.10
How do we Provide a Good User Experience?
When thinking about providing a good user experience there are many, MANY obstacles to cross. However, what is a "user experience," leaving aside the "good" part for the moment. According to Eric Weiss, a user experience is "the sum of a series of interactions." I feel this is an apt description. Yet there is one caveat: how these interactions are viewed is entirely open to personal subjectivity. Now we start getting into rather tricky waters. For example: how do we know what another (let alone an Other) will find good? Can we ever really know anything about someone other than ourselves? And thus we, quite quickly, spiral into a sea of relativistic ennui. Yet, we can heal this situation with a perversion of the basic tenet of Utilitarianism: the greatest amount of pleasure for the greatest number. What this means is that we can think of ways a site is likely to provide a positive user experience for the largest amount of people and work from this starting point.
Case Study: WOMF
I really like this site. It's layout is clean, uncluttered, and it is easy to use. I will break the site down into sections.
Home
This site is so easy to navigate! Although it seems, at first glance, that there is very little information provided - most of the juicy bits are hidden away until you need them. You land on a page that has the main content on the left - good for Anglo-American cultures. The three main tabs (home, log-in, help) are all brightly coloured so you can't miss them. Notice in the pic on the right that the log-in tab changes to "profile" once you are logged in. If you don't want to search via the tag cloud, you can either search by entering in the box conveniently located in prime-viewing area or click the browse button which drops-down this menu:
Having the menu hidden away until you need it provides a much cleaner layout and it still provides added functionality to the site but only when the user requires it; if a user doesn't want to use search or tags they can always browse.
Forum Entries
There is similar pop-down behaviour for entries within the forum as well. You still get all messages in a long list but there is a small link at the bottom right of an entry if there has been a response to it (see pic below). This way a user can decide if they wish to read the response before it is displayed for them. In short: this is another feature that allows the user to control what they wish to view and to provide a much cleaner interface.
Summation
All in all, the website is incredibly easy to use, looks appealing, and I just wish I could make something similar.
Case Study: WOMF
I really like this site. It's layout is clean, uncluttered, and it is easy to use. I will break the site down into sections.
Home
This site is so easy to navigate! Although it seems, at first glance, that there is very little information provided - most of the juicy bits are hidden away until you need them. You land on a page that has the main content on the left - good for Anglo-American cultures. The three main tabs (home, log-in, help) are all brightly coloured so you can't miss them. Notice in the pic on the right that the log-in tab changes to "profile" once you are logged in. If you don't want to search via the tag cloud, you can either search by entering in the box conveniently located in prime-viewing area or click the browse button which drops-down this menu:
Having the menu hidden away until you need it provides a much cleaner layout and it still provides added functionality to the site but only when the user requires it; if a user doesn't want to use search or tags they can always browse.
Forum Entries
There is similar pop-down behaviour for entries within the forum as well. You still get all messages in a long list but there is a small link at the bottom right of an entry if there has been a response to it (see pic below). This way a user can decide if they wish to read the response before it is displayed for them. In short: this is another feature that allows the user to control what they wish to view and to provide a much cleaner interface.
Summation
All in all, the website is incredibly easy to use, looks appealing, and I just wish I could make something similar.
28.1.10
Web APIs and Cloud Computing (Class 16) - Stephen Cranefield
A way to automate data workflow from one app to another.
Two Types of API
Web Services
Form of middleware relayed via XML.
Rest APIs
Simple and scalable - most common for Web 2.0
REpresentational State Transfer
Architectural pattern - Resources, relevant to your applications, have URIs. We use standard set of operations to a URL to instruct server what to do with the resource we want.
Cloud Computing
"We don't really care what's in the middle, so long as it works." Flickr is a great example of Cloud Computing as a service.
The cloud is...well, no one really knows. But, this may help: "a way to increase capacity or add capabilities on the fly without investing in new infrastructure, training new personnel, or licensing new software. Cloud computing encompasses any subscription-based or pay-per-use service that, in real time over the Internet, extends IT's existing capabilities." More here. Interestingly, most of the definitions focus on selling parts of the cloud. Yet, this is obviously not the case with "free" services (such as Google, Flickr...). I would suggest that cloud computing is that computing which is done virtually - i.e. you only need an access point to the network and, whilst you "stuff" is physically stored somewhere, you neither need to know nor care where it is; as long as you can connect to the internet you can find your stuff...
Two Types of API
Web Services
Form of middleware relayed via XML.
Rest APIs
Simple and scalable - most common for Web 2.0
REpresentational State Transfer
Architectural pattern - Resources, relevant to your applications, have URIs. We use standard set of operations to a URL to instruct server what to do with the resource we want.
Cloud Computing
"We don't really care what's in the middle, so long as it works." Flickr is a great example of Cloud Computing as a service.
The cloud is...well, no one really knows. But, this may help: "a way to increase capacity or add capabilities on the fly without investing in new infrastructure, training new personnel, or licensing new software. Cloud computing encompasses any subscription-based or pay-per-use service that, in real time over the Internet, extends IT's existing capabilities." More here. Interestingly, most of the definitions focus on selling parts of the cloud. Yet, this is obviously not the case with "free" services (such as Google, Flickr...). I would suggest that cloud computing is that computing which is done virtually - i.e. you only need an access point to the network and, whilst you "stuff" is physically stored somewhere, you neither need to know nor care where it is; as long as you can connect to the internet you can find your stuff...
Communities and Tribes of Second Life (Class 15) - Mark Aitken
Second Life?
Persistent virtual world - things don't dissappear when you leave.
Non-goal oriented environment - but people do make/add missions etc.
Sim - simulated world.
Major users - 25-44 y.o.
Variety of uses: Second Life is the container in which people do things...
Heavily populated by gen X, residents create content.
What is a Tribe?
Members banded around social activities rather than consumption activity - i.e. do it for the love rather than money.
Clubbers and Socialites
Furries and Tinies - allowed to express themselves without ostracism.
Steampunks
Vamps & Goths
Noobs/Newbs/Newbies
Neko Tribe
History
Catgirls - the early years.
People just catted about. Influx of Japanese introduced the term Neko.
Japanese aesthetic - taken for counter-culture purposes.
Language
Developed Lolcat.
From l33t to lol
phonetic language.
Nekos are responsible for a large amount of coding. In Second Life, where there are no body-language cues to read, scripting stands in for physical interaction and nifty wee scripts can emulate much more than the physical emotions/responses.
You build it-you bring your friends- you party in it. This is what Second Life is all about. According to Mark.
Persistent virtual world - things don't dissappear when you leave.
Non-goal oriented environment - but people do make/add missions etc.
Sim - simulated world.
Major users - 25-44 y.o.
Variety of uses: Second Life is the container in which people do things...
Heavily populated by gen X, residents create content.
What is a Tribe?
Members banded around social activities rather than consumption activity - i.e. do it for the love rather than money.
Clubbers and Socialites
Furries and Tinies - allowed to express themselves without ostracism.
Steampunks
Vamps & Goths
Noobs/Newbs/Newbies
Neko Tribe
History
Catgirls - the early years.
People just catted about. Influx of Japanese introduced the term Neko.
Japanese aesthetic - taken for counter-culture purposes.
Language
Developed Lolcat.
From l33t to lol
phonetic language.
Nekos are responsible for a large amount of coding. In Second Life, where there are no body-language cues to read, scripting stands in for physical interaction and nifty wee scripts can emulate much more than the physical emotions/responses.
You build it-you bring your friends- you party in it. This is what Second Life is all about. According to Mark.
22.1.10
Grab the Spoons! The Viruses are Attacking!
Let's begin on a light note - below is a selection of recent viral videos recut and put to fantastic music:
Viral information can be described as information which is able to "convert other objects into copies of themselves when these objects are exposed to them." Although the strict definition of an artifact which is able to replicate itself does not hold for viral information, we do not need to make a huge conceptual leap if we consider that viral information is able to change the thoughts of humans to want to replicate the information. I think it is pertinent to note that the term viral was around before the internet; indeed, biological viruses act in much the same way as computer ones do: by injecting a small amount of code into a host cell and reprogramming cellular machinery. So, here is a brief overview of how biological viruses - in this case HIV - work (and doing it in lego is amazing!).
How Does Viral Information Travel?
Briefly, a video, picture, web-site is discovered by someone. This person likes it so much they share it - via eMail, Twitter, Facebook... - their friends also share it and so the cycle continues. The most interesting thing about viral information is that it is quick. Information is rapidly discovered, shared, and interest then moves on to the next big thing. For an interesting discussion of using the viral approach to market a product see this article about Two Gentlemen of Lebowski - within 24 hours a script has a professional production planned in NY.
Happy Cat
see more Lolcats and funny pictures
This is perhaps one of the most well-known phenomena. His discovery, in around 2003, kick-started lolcats. As with many viral phenomena, the source is disputed. However, Know Your Meme, traces Happy Cat's first on-line appearance to an advert from a Russian Cat Food company.
Some More Viral Videos
Here is a particularly NZ example. This video is a particular favourite with Librarians:
And to revert to the lego theme (and not really sure this qualifies as viral, but it should):
Viral information can be described as information which is able to "convert other objects into copies of themselves when these objects are exposed to them." Although the strict definition of an artifact which is able to replicate itself does not hold for viral information, we do not need to make a huge conceptual leap if we consider that viral information is able to change the thoughts of humans to want to replicate the information. I think it is pertinent to note that the term viral was around before the internet; indeed, biological viruses act in much the same way as computer ones do: by injecting a small amount of code into a host cell and reprogramming cellular machinery. So, here is a brief overview of how biological viruses - in this case HIV - work (and doing it in lego is amazing!).
How Does Viral Information Travel?
Briefly, a video, picture, web-site is discovered by someone. This person likes it so much they share it - via eMail, Twitter, Facebook... - their friends also share it and so the cycle continues. The most interesting thing about viral information is that it is quick. Information is rapidly discovered, shared, and interest then moves on to the next big thing. For an interesting discussion of using the viral approach to market a product see this article about Two Gentlemen of Lebowski - within 24 hours a script has a professional production planned in NY.
Happy Cat
see more Lolcats and funny pictures
This is perhaps one of the most well-known phenomena. His discovery, in around 2003, kick-started lolcats. As with many viral phenomena, the source is disputed. However, Know Your Meme, traces Happy Cat's first on-line appearance to an advert from a Russian Cat Food company.
Some More Viral Videos
Here is a particularly NZ example. This video is a particular favourite with Librarians:
And to revert to the lego theme (and not really sure this qualifies as viral, but it should):
21.1.10
@ophil in RL
Context
What, exactly is, free||style? Need the slashes to be able to trademark. What are the implications of free? What opportunities can be found by thinking about free in a different way? What does it mean to be free - not just non-financial. Also breaking free of the normal business-context. Where is the value? How can you get people to understand value before experiencing it? With experience, consumers may find new ways of enhancing value.
We are used to traditional marketers lying to us so we often now listen to our peers. One can't just jump into free - you first need to identify value. In order to determine value, you need to describe community so you can understand what they MIGHT value. Does anonymity mean people take messages less seriously - there is no way to evaluate the authority behind the comment. Value should not be considered only on a financial basis - if you think about it on this level first one will encounter problems. Marketing tends to focus on the user - ignores the network of stakeholders. Also provides a blind-spot in growing this network since you focus on what you already have.
Decreasing barrier to entry often goes along with heightened barrier to exit (see Google). Think about alternative ways of getting paid for your product. Free||style gives you a way to make money off your product without needing to charge the end users.
What, exactly is, free||style? Need the slashes to be able to trademark. What are the implications of free? What opportunities can be found by thinking about free in a different way? What does it mean to be free - not just non-financial. Also breaking free of the normal business-context. Where is the value? How can you get people to understand value before experiencing it? With experience, consumers may find new ways of enhancing value.
We are used to traditional marketers lying to us so we often now listen to our peers. One can't just jump into free - you first need to identify value. In order to determine value, you need to describe community so you can understand what they MIGHT value. Does anonymity mean people take messages less seriously - there is no way to evaluate the authority behind the comment. Value should not be considered only on a financial basis - if you think about it on this level first one will encounter problems. Marketing tends to focus on the user - ignores the network of stakeholders. Also provides a blind-spot in growing this network since you focus on what you already have.
Decreasing barrier to entry often goes along with heightened barrier to exit (see Google). Think about alternative ways of getting paid for your product. Free||style gives you a way to make money off your product without needing to charge the end users.
19.1.10
The Power of Free (Class 9)- Presenation by Phil Osbourne
Phil Osbourne's Power of Free talk at TEDxDunedin.
Freemium for use in business - freemium is becoming a marketing tactic.
Marketing has progressed from agent of firm to representative of customer within organisation.
Different representations of "free." Experience value without paying a price - avoiding user-pays.
Value being the feelings customers attach to a product.
How do we want to mobilise free? People want the services so to increase usage of services, you provide potential users with free appliances - such as toasters, mobile phones, computers. What you lose in selling the product you gain in selling the service.
Identify the actual service-magazine subscriptions do not serve subscribers but advertisers.
Free/style focuses on what consumers pay and when they pay.
We want to attract people to our community and keep them long-term. This means you need to have a good quality service or they won't stay.
NZ can provide limited market for freestyle yet the Internet reduces this since it breaks down the difference between remote and local. Yet does a community composed of geographically disparate people - with different cultural norms, values, and ideals - cause challenges for a community to confront?
Freemium for use in business - freemium is becoming a marketing tactic.
Marketing has progressed from agent of firm to representative of customer within organisation.
Different representations of "free." Experience value without paying a price - avoiding user-pays.
Value being the feelings customers attach to a product.
How do we want to mobilise free? People want the services so to increase usage of services, you provide potential users with free appliances - such as toasters, mobile phones, computers. What you lose in selling the product you gain in selling the service.
Identify the actual service-magazine subscriptions do not serve subscribers but advertisers.
Free/style focuses on what consumers pay and when they pay.
We want to attract people to our community and keep them long-term. This means you need to have a good quality service or they won't stay.
NZ can provide limited market for freestyle yet the Internet reduces this since it breaks down the difference between remote and local. Yet does a community composed of geographically disparate people - with different cultural norms, values, and ideals - cause challenges for a community to confront?
18.1.10
Keeping the Peeps (Class 10) - Andrew Long
How do we keep people in our community?
What is the lifeblood of community? "He tangata, he tangata, he tangata."
Typical Community Members
Newbies, guests, visitors: rejuvinate the community over time.
Regulars: do all work and make up bulk of community members. Regularly contribute and therefore shape the community by modeling/reprimanding certain behaviour.
Leaders: energy and skill to take community in particular direction. Help convert newbies to regulars.
Elders: Became weary of day-to-day stuff. Active as repositories of knowledge. Peripheral watchers lurking in the shadows.
Lurkers - not connected, don't contribute: we want to convert these to our lurkers to regulars.
How do we Retain Active Community Membership?
Work Slides
a) Aspect of community. b) Strategy to improve community leading from this aspect.
1)a) Simplicity is Key. b) Keep everything simple-don't over-complicate things.
2)a) Policies to make expected behaviours explicit. b) Keep policies in a public directory and current.
3)a) Think outside the box. b) Being creative will provide new opportunities for members.
4)a) Provide (free) compensation for unexpected down-time. b) Giving people something interesting means they will be more amenable to lack of service.
5)a) In/visibility. b) Provide a way for people to be graphically identified - provide people with a voice.
6)a) Flame War. b) Prevent flame wars before they start - through policies and monitoring.
7)a) Incentives. b) Nerds love being rewarded - provide rewards for involvement in community.
8)a) Stick to the recipe. b) Ensure new fang-dangled-things don't remove previous usability.
9)a)Animals are cute. b) Have animals somewhere on your site; the cuter the better.
10)a) Feedback. b) Have adequate conduits for feedback and ensure you listen to the users-tell them so.
11)a) Speed. b)Ensure your community is not slow to use/load
12)a) Tech Support b) Ensure there is fast, friendly, active response to technical issues.
13)a) Fostering diversity - incl. linguistic. b) Ensure that there are adequate rules to make newbies feel comfortable; if newbies have a bad experience early on then they are likely to not become regulars.
14)a) Accessible via symbols - removing need for language. b) Menu items designated by symbols (particularly "universal" symbols) means people with different linguistic abilities/frames of reference can feel comfortable navigating your site.
15)a) Trolls. b) Trolling should be explicitly prohibited and people who troll should be removed/sanctioned. This action should be carried out reasonably publicly so that people know what sort of behaviour is expected; utilise the Panopticon.
16)a) Money (broadly capital/value). b) If there is no capital flowing (social or fiscal) then there is little chance of sustainability - ensure your community has this flowing.
17)a) Intimidating behaviour from regulars. b) If regulars intimidate newbies then they will not become regulars themselves. Ensure that everyone provides an open, supportive environment. This is best dealt with by private messaging; don't make a mountain out of a molehill.
18)a) Justice. b) Ensure that people are treated fairly and that there are explicit ways of handling disputes.
19)a) Kiddisafe. b) Ensure that there is a way for "adult" material to be posted so that it is not accessible by minors. Similarly, if a person contributes material that may be of an adult nature, this should be readily identified as "NSFW" so that the person viewing the material can decide when or if they wish to proceed.
20)a) People will put their own interpretations on the community - they will make of it what they will. b) Although there should be rules describing acceptable or unacceptable behaviour (and to satisfy legal requirements) these should not be overly prescriptive; too many rules can strangle a community and also reduces the autonomy of self-governance/group governance.
What is the lifeblood of community? "He tangata, he tangata, he tangata."
Typical Community Members
Newbies, guests, visitors: rejuvinate the community over time.
Regulars: do all work and make up bulk of community members. Regularly contribute and therefore shape the community by modeling/reprimanding certain behaviour.
Leaders: energy and skill to take community in particular direction. Help convert newbies to regulars.
Elders: Became weary of day-to-day stuff. Active as repositories of knowledge. Peripheral watchers lurking in the shadows.
Lurkers - not connected, don't contribute: we want to convert these to our lurkers to regulars.
How do we Retain Active Community Membership?
Work Slides
a) Aspect of community. b) Strategy to improve community leading from this aspect.
1)a) Simplicity is Key. b) Keep everything simple-don't over-complicate things.
2)a) Policies to make expected behaviours explicit. b) Keep policies in a public directory and current.
3)a) Think outside the box. b) Being creative will provide new opportunities for members.
4)a) Provide (free) compensation for unexpected down-time. b) Giving people something interesting means they will be more amenable to lack of service.
5)a) In/visibility. b) Provide a way for people to be graphically identified - provide people with a voice.
6)a) Flame War. b) Prevent flame wars before they start - through policies and monitoring.
7)a) Incentives. b) Nerds love being rewarded - provide rewards for involvement in community.
8)a) Stick to the recipe. b) Ensure new fang-dangled-things don't remove previous usability.
9)a)Animals are cute. b) Have animals somewhere on your site; the cuter the better.
10)a) Feedback. b) Have adequate conduits for feedback and ensure you listen to the users-tell them so.
11)a) Speed. b)Ensure your community is not slow to use/load
12)a) Tech Support b) Ensure there is fast, friendly, active response to technical issues.
13)a) Fostering diversity - incl. linguistic. b) Ensure that there are adequate rules to make newbies feel comfortable; if newbies have a bad experience early on then they are likely to not become regulars.
14)a) Accessible via symbols - removing need for language. b) Menu items designated by symbols (particularly "universal" symbols) means people with different linguistic abilities/frames of reference can feel comfortable navigating your site.
15)a) Trolls. b) Trolling should be explicitly prohibited and people who troll should be removed/sanctioned. This action should be carried out reasonably publicly so that people know what sort of behaviour is expected; utilise the Panopticon.
16)a) Money (broadly capital/value). b) If there is no capital flowing (social or fiscal) then there is little chance of sustainability - ensure your community has this flowing.
17)a) Intimidating behaviour from regulars. b) If regulars intimidate newbies then they will not become regulars themselves. Ensure that everyone provides an open, supportive environment. This is best dealt with by private messaging; don't make a mountain out of a molehill.
18)a) Justice. b) Ensure that people are treated fairly and that there are explicit ways of handling disputes.
19)a) Kiddisafe. b) Ensure that there is a way for "adult" material to be posted so that it is not accessible by minors. Similarly, if a person contributes material that may be of an adult nature, this should be readily identified as "NSFW" so that the person viewing the material can decide when or if they wish to proceed.
20)a) People will put their own interpretations on the community - they will make of it what they will. b) Although there should be rules describing acceptable or unacceptable behaviour (and to satisfy legal requirements) these should not be overly prescriptive; too many rules can strangle a community and also reduces the autonomy of self-governance/group governance.
15.1.10
Webs of Miasmic Joy (Class 5 Cont. ) - Chris Edwards
How the Web Works
Client/Server architecture: the server hosts documents from which clients request documents via a URL. Once a document has been received by client, the server disconnects [right about now I am struggling to push Celine Dion back into her wee box...].
URI-uniform resource identifiier. URL (locator) is a subset of URI.
URLs are good when they are: descriptive and meaningful (makes it easier for humans to point client in right direction), stable, and technology-independent (if tech changes there should not be need to change the URL).
URL Shortening Services
Having an informative URL is useful for various purposes (e.g. searching). But certain media handle shorter URLs better. A long URL could be changed by software - particularly for longer addresses. Short URL points to a re-direction server which re-routes connection to desired location. Yet such services represent increased chance of link-rot since there are a smaller number of combinations to choose from. Also providers can disappear. Potential security risk in that the link does not point to the target domain - we could end up at a site of nastiness - perhaps called DoomBotCentral (or even DoomWormCentral, DoomPhishingCentral etc...)
HTML
Elements and tags - computer geeks adore trees (is this perhaps a sign they are really repressed hippies?) but they like them upside down with root at top (perhaps a sign that they really don't get outside enough). Elements - a paragraph, heading, image, link - "any discrete unit of meaningful, discrete information." Elements are expressed through tags. Metadata in the head + title (not actually part of the page). HTML - dictates the logical structure of your document whilst style-sheets tell you how this logical is viewed.
What about Web 2.0?
Existing internet and WWW infrastructure - simply the way in which people are using the web structures to prosume info. Infrastructure was not designed to be dynamic but a repository of static documents.
Client/Server architecture: the server hosts documents from which clients request documents via a URL. Once a document has been received by client, the server disconnects [right about now I am struggling to push Celine Dion back into her wee box...].
URI-uniform resource identifiier. URL (locator) is a subset of URI.
URLs are good when they are: descriptive and meaningful (makes it easier for humans to point client in right direction), stable, and technology-independent (if tech changes there should not be need to change the URL).
URL Shortening Services
Having an informative URL is useful for various purposes (e.g. searching). But certain media handle shorter URLs better. A long URL could be changed by software - particularly for longer addresses. Short URL points to a re-direction server which re-routes connection to desired location. Yet such services represent increased chance of link-rot since there are a smaller number of combinations to choose from. Also providers can disappear. Potential security risk in that the link does not point to the target domain - we could end up at a site of nastiness - perhaps called DoomBotCentral (or even DoomWormCentral, DoomPhishingCentral etc...)
HTML
Elements and tags - computer geeks adore trees (is this perhaps a sign they are really repressed hippies?) but they like them upside down with root at top (perhaps a sign that they really don't get outside enough). Elements - a paragraph, heading, image, link - "any discrete unit of meaningful, discrete information." Elements are expressed through tags. Metadata in the head + title (not actually part of the page). HTML - dictates the logical structure of your document whilst style-sheets tell you how this logical is viewed.
What about Web 2.0?
Existing internet and WWW infrastructure - simply the way in which people are using the web structures to prosume info. Infrastructure was not designed to be dynamic but a repository of static documents.
Managing Identity on the Web (Class 8) - Stephen Cranefield
IAMS: tools for accessing social media.
You can put forward to the world any identity you wish - an option you cannot do so easily in the real world.
"The Web doesn't forget" - search engines cache content so deleting, for example, a tweet will not remove it from public view - it can take many, many years for something to not be found again..
One identity can have multiple user accounts so how do we manage this? Perhaps a more fundamental question one first needs to consider is do you want to manage having multiple accounts?
Many ways - write them down (bad), Use same user name and password, "password vault" (either fingerprint activated or protected by a strong pass phrase), or online service (mashedlife)
OpenID
Authentication through one site which allows others to verify you. This allows you to have multiple online identities. Question to ponder: is this a useful tool or simply bizarrely complicated?
Should Wikipedia be used to back up an academic argument? There is still much debate on this topic. On the one hand, more studies are beginning to show that Wikipedia is equally, or more, accurate than a good encyclopedia. Some of these studies are not reported in second-rate publications (see this one in Nature, for instance. Actually, you should check out the controversy over this-RATHER amusing). Of course, much comment is subjective yet it must be granted the foundational editing principles of Wikipedia mean it is able to keep up with developments much more rapidly than traditionally published encyclopediae can. Yet, a lot of traditional academics also move slowly; the ivory tower was built to last. So, much of the ill-feeling towards Wikipedia within academia can be more correctly termed prejucdice. We must also note that Wikipedia itself warns there could be problems with uncritical use of information contained within it. However, for some research - particularly those in the social sciences - Wikipedia may be the best source of information. What I feel the reason most academics have a problem with citations from Wikipedia is that it promotes sloppy research. Indeed, one should never use any singular source as a foundation for an argument and this is something students may not quite realise - particularly students at lower levels. This argument can be summed up as follows: use Wikipedia but do not use it exclusively.
For information from the University of Otago Library about using Wikipedia download their brochure Why Not Wikipedia.
You can put forward to the world any identity you wish - an option you cannot do so easily in the real world.
"The Web doesn't forget" - search engines cache content so deleting, for example, a tweet will not remove it from public view - it can take many, many years for something to not be found again..
One identity can have multiple user accounts so how do we manage this? Perhaps a more fundamental question one first needs to consider is do you want to manage having multiple accounts?
Many ways - write them down (bad), Use same user name and password, "password vault" (either fingerprint activated or protected by a strong pass phrase), or online service (mashedlife)
OpenID
Authentication through one site which allows others to verify you. This allows you to have multiple online identities. Question to ponder: is this a useful tool or simply bizarrely complicated?
Should Wikipedia be used to back up an academic argument? There is still much debate on this topic. On the one hand, more studies are beginning to show that Wikipedia is equally, or more, accurate than a good encyclopedia. Some of these studies are not reported in second-rate publications (see this one in Nature, for instance. Actually, you should check out the controversy over this-RATHER amusing). Of course, much comment is subjective yet it must be granted the foundational editing principles of Wikipedia mean it is able to keep up with developments much more rapidly than traditionally published encyclopediae can. Yet, a lot of traditional academics also move slowly; the ivory tower was built to last. So, much of the ill-feeling towards Wikipedia within academia can be more correctly termed prejucdice. We must also note that Wikipedia itself warns there could be problems with uncritical use of information contained within it. However, for some research - particularly those in the social sciences - Wikipedia may be the best source of information. What I feel the reason most academics have a problem with citations from Wikipedia is that it promotes sloppy research. Indeed, one should never use any singular source as a foundation for an argument and this is something students may not quite realise - particularly students at lower levels. This argument can be summed up as follows: use Wikipedia but do not use it exclusively.
For information from the University of Otago Library about using Wikipedia download their brochure Why Not Wikipedia.
14.1.10
Audacious - Ryan Priemus (Class 7)
What is Audacious
Mobile Coaching
Previous Audacious Winners
Medikidz - provides health info for children (Challenge winner in 2006). Kim Chilman-Blair.
Language Perfect (Winner 2007). Inducted into the Young Enterprise "Hall of Fame."
Elevator Pitch
Brief intro of your business idea for use in networking. ~55s to describe project without props.
Outlines product and service.
Create apostles of your idea.
Avoid
Example pitch: not engaging - no tone change etc.She was reading rather than delivering: there needs to be passion. If you are not passionate then no one else will be.
And at about this stage there was a tweet from Andrew re:our community making money...
- Mobile business coaching on campus.
- Food for Thought Programme - meet with an expert for price of coffee or lunch.
- Start-up Lounge (School of Business).
- NBR Audacious Programme.
Mobile Coaching
- Meet where student is comfortable to bounce around ideas and asses expectations/capacity. Also provide resources to help with business planning.
Previous Audacious Winners
Medikidz - provides health info for children (Challenge winner in 2006). Kim Chilman-Blair.
Language Perfect (Winner 2007). Inducted into the Young Enterprise "Hall of Fame."
Elevator Pitch
Brief intro of your business idea for use in networking. ~55s to describe project without props.
Outlines product and service.
- How will your idea be monetised?
- Why believe me?
- Why will someone invest?
- Why is it unique?
- How scalable is it?
Create apostles of your idea.
Avoid
- "There is no competition"
- Features may not necessarily be a benefit
- Always be professional, "don't bread from presentation mode"
- Match pitch to audience.
- Boring - too much/wrong detail
- Autobiography
- Unbelievable idea
Example pitch: not engaging - no tone change etc.She was reading rather than delivering: there needs to be passion. If you are not passionate then no one else will be.
And at about this stage there was a tweet from Andrew re:our community making money...
13.1.10
Social Capital - Erika Pearson (Class 6)
Virtual Communities, Tie Theory, and Social Capital
Virtual communication - communicating through a medium other than verbal language.
Virtual Community
(Rheingold)
Aggregate of agents - you cannot be a community of one.
In public - anyone may join. This may be nuanced so you may need to log in or not.
Share a code - common form of semiotic system. Jargon, hash-tags, language.
Time - it takes a long time for community to be formed.
Emotional investment - "You are not a community until you have a funeral."
Rhizomic - a messy series of over-lapping connections in a non-ordered system.
Social Capital
"The processes between people which establish networks, norms and social trust and facilitate co-ordination and co-operation for mutual benefit" Eva Cox (1992).
Usually takes place in horizontal bands of reciprocity - same status.
1960s-Bowling leagues, knitting circles etc.
Social capital exists only where there is a social connection-there does not need to be a physical connection.
Good will is "nebulous entity" but fulfills the requirements of sufficient human feeling in Rheingold's conception of communities.
Markers of Social Capital
Castle (2002) - is SC simply a neat metaphor that posits a logically comprehended, and comprehendable, ground (social capital) for a vague process (what actually happens). In social capital systems, horizontal social and power relations allow social capital to flow freely.
Few explicit rules or controls - the community is self-controlling partially because there is high trust within the community that members will behave appropriately.
Ingrouping and Outgrouping. We have high good will for those who are within our ingroup and this reduces the greater distance from this ingroup your connection is. However, the dynamic nature of community means that it is possible - and usually desirable - for members of the outgroup to become members of the ingroup.
Obligation towards reciprocity - you pay the SC back to the person from whom you got it or forward to someone else within community. This reciprocity keeps the social capital "sloshing" around the community so there is a desire to see the community flourish.
Tendency toward gift economies - the currency of communities usually runs on thoughts like: "I'll help you so you may help me in the future" Note that this seems counter to the expected reciprocity yet the gift economy, whilst expecting reciprocity, functions on expectations only.
Physical networks can expand to the limits to the technology. But can communities do the same? No, up to 150 connections is the max network a person can sustain.This critical number is limited by our time, social empathy, and attention. Which means social capital is a scarce resource-there are limits to how much can be put in or taken out of the system. Virtual networks tend to get a smaller chunk of the pie because they are not networks one can simply be active in - their technological mediation means one needs to go to a special place to be involved in the community. Although the hand-held devices are reducing this barrier to participation.
Social Capital thinks of "friendship" in terms of ties: strong, weak (friends who have the potential to be strong), and latent. Hence: "Burden of history in your inner circle" (Ze Frank)
Strong and Weak Ties
Strong: those with whom we have high emotional reciprocity.
Differentiated along four criteria. Time: usually take a long and regular period of time. Emotional intensity. Mutual confidence (trust), and reciprocity. So, strong ties are long, intensive, trusting, and reciprocal. Strong ties tend to come with more similarity between people i.e. the stronger the tie, the higher the similarity between the nodes, the stronger the connection. It is these ties who re-inforce who you are.
Although weak ties take less input, they are still a conduit of social capital so make the scarce resource (social capital) go further. These weaker ties require more governance but the overlap of weak-tie networks can provide new conduits of social capital through a bridging tie. One is most likely to find a new job from your weak-tie network. These bridging ties can also provide variety since they introduce you to new people who can, potentially, become strong ties.
Virtual Identity and Group Communication
How we communicate changes depending on whom we communicate with and with whom we think we are adjacent to in the network. Work backwards: look at communication to understand social position. Our code relies on trust: the other will understand the strong tie and the denotation. If we can identify the person from their interactions on the network does it follow that we can shape certain types of community by fostering certain types of utterances?
Social capital is not an unproblematic concept.
Tie theory looks at the micro level - the small-scale connections between people.
Communities are dynamic and there is a feedback system between members of the community and the individuals which constitute that community.
Virtual communication - communicating through a medium other than verbal language.
Virtual Community
(Rheingold)
Aggregate of agents - you cannot be a community of one.
In public - anyone may join. This may be nuanced so you may need to log in or not.
Share a code - common form of semiotic system. Jargon, hash-tags, language.
Time - it takes a long time for community to be formed.
Emotional investment - "You are not a community until you have a funeral."
Rhizomic - a messy series of over-lapping connections in a non-ordered system.
Social Capital
"The processes between people which establish networks, norms and social trust and facilitate co-ordination and co-operation for mutual benefit" Eva Cox (1992).
Usually takes place in horizontal bands of reciprocity - same status.
1960s-Bowling leagues, knitting circles etc.
Social capital exists only where there is a social connection-there does not need to be a physical connection.
Good will is "nebulous entity" but fulfills the requirements of sufficient human feeling in Rheingold's conception of communities.
Do you need social capital to form a community or is social capital an output of community?
Markers of Social Capital
Castle (2002) - is SC simply a neat metaphor that posits a logically comprehended, and comprehendable, ground (social capital) for a vague process (what actually happens). In social capital systems, horizontal social and power relations allow social capital to flow freely.
Few explicit rules or controls - the community is self-controlling partially because there is high trust within the community that members will behave appropriately.
Ingrouping and Outgrouping. We have high good will for those who are within our ingroup and this reduces the greater distance from this ingroup your connection is. However, the dynamic nature of community means that it is possible - and usually desirable - for members of the outgroup to become members of the ingroup.
Obligation towards reciprocity - you pay the SC back to the person from whom you got it or forward to someone else within community. This reciprocity keeps the social capital "sloshing" around the community so there is a desire to see the community flourish.
Tendency toward gift economies - the currency of communities usually runs on thoughts like: "I'll help you so you may help me in the future" Note that this seems counter to the expected reciprocity yet the gift economy, whilst expecting reciprocity, functions on expectations only.
Physical networks can expand to the limits to the technology. But can communities do the same? No, up to 150 connections is the max network a person can sustain.This critical number is limited by our time, social empathy, and attention. Which means social capital is a scarce resource-there are limits to how much can be put in or taken out of the system. Virtual networks tend to get a smaller chunk of the pie because they are not networks one can simply be active in - their technological mediation means one needs to go to a special place to be involved in the community. Although the hand-held devices are reducing this barrier to participation.
Social Capital thinks of "friendship" in terms of ties: strong, weak (friends who have the potential to be strong), and latent. Hence: "Burden of history in your inner circle" (Ze Frank)
Strong and Weak Ties
Strong: those with whom we have high emotional reciprocity.
Differentiated along four criteria. Time: usually take a long and regular period of time. Emotional intensity. Mutual confidence (trust), and reciprocity. So, strong ties are long, intensive, trusting, and reciprocal. Strong ties tend to come with more similarity between people i.e. the stronger the tie, the higher the similarity between the nodes, the stronger the connection. It is these ties who re-inforce who you are.
Although weak ties take less input, they are still a conduit of social capital so make the scarce resource (social capital) go further. These weaker ties require more governance but the overlap of weak-tie networks can provide new conduits of social capital through a bridging tie. One is most likely to find a new job from your weak-tie network. These bridging ties can also provide variety since they introduce you to new people who can, potentially, become strong ties.
Virtual Identity and Group Communication
How we communicate changes depending on whom we communicate with and with whom we think we are adjacent to in the network. Work backwards: look at communication to understand social position. Our code relies on trust: the other will understand the strong tie and the denotation. If we can identify the person from their interactions on the network does it follow that we can shape certain types of community by fostering certain types of utterances?
Social capital is not an unproblematic concept.
Tie theory looks at the micro level - the small-scale connections between people.
Communities are dynamic and there is a feedback system between members of the community and the individuals which constitute that community.
12.1.10
Webs of Cyberspace (Class 5)
Levels of people/ideas, documents (WWW), and computers(as in physical networks).
Giant Global Graph (networks of people and the communities they make).
Over-laid all is the Semantic web.
Location independence:
Point of access and point of storage is immaterial. Increasingly, there is little distinction between remote and local.
Code can be viewed as a formalised language of communication between two machines.
LAN--> W(ide)AN --> M(etropolitan)AN.
Internet
"Universal networking fabric" - not just an internetwork but THE - definite articles so add excellence.
Consistent trend of exponential growth of servers.
Designed to allow for outages of particular areas - stems from the development of ARPANET in the cold war.
Street Metaphor
The network is the street - the path you take to access the information you desire.
A node is a building on the street - the physical location of said information.
A port is an apartment in that building - the place on that physical location whence information may be accessed.
DNS
Interface human with machine: understandable by humans using the network. So is the primary way for those of us with opposable thumbs to locate what we are wishing to.
Hierarchical conventions of naming - most important last (see postal addresses in the West).
Branches and Leaves on trees - TLD(Top Level Domain)s are major branches on the tree off which the smaller branches, subdomains, are grouped.
gTLDS: .com, .net, .org, .name, .info, etc.
Country-Specific (ccTLDS).
Based on ISO 3116-1 alpha-2 - usually have generic subdomains.
Default is US (.mil, .gov).
Different countries have different conventions - e.g. .edu.au, .edu, .ac.nz, .ac.uk.
Nested subdomains-"subdivide and conquour": up to the domain owner to subdivide as they wish but they should remember that their DNS should be easily memorable by the opposable-thumb possessors who will use the system.
Various ethical issues of DNS assignment covered - including APNIC so we can have fun stalking the owners of a domain name. But, more practically, we can also track down the owner of malicious networks.
.su domain still accepts registrations even after the abolishment of the Soviet Union.
.onion TLD designates anonymous hidden services on Tor network-interesting to know.
8.1.10
Brushing off the Dust and Joining the World
Libraries. Boring, dusty, places of quite contemplation right? Well, not so much any more.
The Library of Congress - the world's largest library - have become one of the best users of social media to broaden its reach and to provide greater access to its digital collections. Although these digital collections are available on their website, in January 2008 they set about posting their photos to Flickr. After this pilot project "resoundingly exceeded expectations" the library have since added their videos to YouTube and audio files to iTunes. Here is a brief overview of some initiatives the library has put in place.
YouTube
Currently, these videos span the gamut from some of the earliest movies made through to recordings of contemporary happenings at the library. The project started with more than 70 videos, in April 2009, with a commitment to continuously update content; a commitment they have honoured with over 336 videos available on the channel. Here is a cute wee cartoon from 1921:
Flickr
Uploading the pictorial collections to Flickr was an experiment to "gain a better understanding of how social tagging and community input could benefit both the Library and users of the collections."
Abraham Lincoln, Pres't U.S. (LOC):
Benefits to the Library
Not only does social media allow the library to, in the words of James H. Billington - Librarian of Congress - "remove many of the impediments to making our unparalleled content more useful to many more people" but it also reduces the work of library staff. For example, the Flickr project has not only allowed users to comment and tag photos in the collection, it has even helped librarians identify the location of travel paintings which staff could not identify.
Read more:
Facebook
Completion of Class 2: A Further Primer on Social Media
Twitter and 3rd Party Sites
API = filter allowing 3rd party sites to access the data on their terms.
*find 3rd Party Site that uses API to re-present twitter data and post in wiki
Audio-Visual Sharing
Location organisation allows greater discovery of your content.
Wikis
Tend to get dis-organised: hence not a good institutional DAMS (Digital Asset Management System).
Discussion Fora
Require management and control over content which members MUST provide.
Life Stream Aggregators
friendfeed=biggest
Create aggregated identity on-line.
Are these good if you are constructing different on-line identities for different purposes?
Location Sharing
Game-like initiatives sound rather...American: "Super User."
Virtual Worlds
Second Life can be an empty experience because there is no purpose or focus.
Issues
Authentication for multiple accounts becomes so immense one almost needs an IAMS (Identity and Access Management System): so social media services are creating their own IAMS.
Need to be aware that everyone is always watching - do I hear shades of Bentham and Foucault? - so you need to be comfortable with your level of involvement.
One also needs to be aware that services can disappear with your content for little reason and with great immediacy.
Often, you sign away many of the rights you have to your content when you put them on a social media service so it pays to always read the small-print.
It is tiring maintaining your on-line identities - particularly when you have multiple identities or aspects of your identity that you want to hide from some social media services.
Cloud Computing
Means that catastrophic system-failure is protected by over-redundancy. Yet there are also issues with data security (see Patriot Act).
Trends
Simply: from static, simple, and dated to dynamic, rich and immediate.
Copyright Moral Dilemma: Is it morally wrong to access TV shows via torrent?
TVNZ worried that On-Demand would reduce ratings but it seems to have increased them; allowing people grater access increases grater word of mouth.
Threadless
Crowd sources designs: also means there is a guarenteed market since the market decides on which ones they want to buy before the product goes on sale.
An engaged community will advertise your product for you further reducing your overheads.
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